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threshing floor
Threshing (thrashing) was originally "...'to tramp or stamp heavily with the feet'..." and was later applied to the act of separating out grain by the feet of people or oxen and still later with the use of a flail.〔Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0). Oxford University Press 2009〕
A threshing floor is of two main types: 1) a specially flattened outdoor surface, usually circular and paved,〔Bromiley, Geoffrey William. ''The International standard Bible encyclopedia'', Volume four: Q-Z. Fully rev. ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1979, 1988. 844. ISBN 0802837840〕 or 2) inside a building with a smooth floor of earth, stone or wood where a farmer would thresh the grain harvest and then winnow it. Animal and steam powered threshing machines from the nineteenth century onward made threshing floors obsolete. The outdoor threshing floor was either owned by the entire village or by a single family, and it was usually located outside the village in a place exposed to the wind.
==Structure of outdoor floors==
Outdoor threshing floors are usually located near a farm or farmhouse, or in places easily accessible from growing areas. They are usually paved with material that may be of various kinds, for example round stone cobbles about the size of a fist; slate; tile; or sometimes the underlying bedrock itself is exposed. Unpaved earthen threshing floors are also sometimes found. The floors usually have a slight slope, to avoid water standing on them after rain; and the paving may be divided by rays traced from a central focus to facilitate the pavement.
To overcome possible unevenness, and isolate them from water running off after rain so helping to preserve them, threshing floors are often surrounded by a stout low wall. The construction was often in a high place, to take advantage of soft and steady winds to facilitate the work of winnowing, separating the grain from the chaff, once the threshing had been completed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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